The nerve of the posterior compartment is the tibial part of the sciatic, and the arteries are the posterior tibial (from the popliteal) and its peroneal branch. 134), and three muscles-flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus and tibialis posterior-whose tendons pass under the flexor retinaculum into the sole of the foot. The deep group includes popliteus (see p. They are the main plantarflexors of the ankle joint. The superficial muscles consist of gastrocnemius, plantaris and soleus which all converge on a thick tendon at the back of the heel, the tendo calcaneus or Achilles' tendon. Both the superficial and deep compartments require decompression by incising the deep fascia and the deep transverse fascia when local conditions predispose to the development of the compartment syndrome in the calf ( p. This fibrous septum extends transversely from the soleal line and posterior border of the tibia to the posterior border of the fibula it is continuous above with the fascia covering the popliteus. The muscles of the calf, the posterior compartment of the leg, fall into superficial and deep groups, with the deep transverse fascia of the leg between them. A further thickening of fascia, the flexor retinaculum, bridges the deep flexor tendons and neurovascular bundle it extends posteriorly from the tip of the medial malleolus to the medial process of the calcaneus. The deep fascia is thickened above the heel, where it is attached to the tibia and fibula, across the back of the tendo calcaneus (Achilles' tendon), forming a ‘pulley’ for the tendon and separated from it by a bursa. It communicates by several channels with the great saphenous vein. It usually runs within and then beneath the deep fascia for some distance before it enters the popliteal vein. It passes upwards in the subcutaneous fat to the midline of the calf and pierces the deep fascia anywhere from midcalf to the roof of the popliteal fossa. The small (short) saphenous vein, draining the lateral side of the dorsal venous arch and the lateral margin of the foot, lies with the sural nerve behind the lateral malleolus. Below this level the sural and sural communicating nerves, from tibial and common peroneal nerves, supply the back and lateral side of the calf, and the saphenous nerve supplies the medial side ( Fig. The skin of the upper half of the calf is supplied by the termination of the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve. Last's Anatomy: Regional and Applied Part nine.
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